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Defunct Audio Firms :
The aim of this page is to have minimal information on some of the companies and trademarks that are now either defunct, not in operation for any reason or have exited the AV market altogether. The objective is to have information on each company similar to what appears on the links pages rather than a full history lesson, but pertinent, interesting or even just mildly unusual information may get thrown in as well. Also note that in most cases this is a company listing not a brand listing, brands listed here may have been sold or appropriated by other companies and may thus still be in use, but whenever possible links are provided to the previous and next brand owners. Due to the nature of the subject matter this page is perpetually under construction. Note that on this particular page are listed companies that have names that start with the letters Aa to Af, for companies whose names start with the letters B to 9 follow the links at the top of the grey sidebar.
AAMP of Florida Inc.
Florida, USA based manufacturer and reseller of car audio accessories sold under the AAMP of America, Best Kits, Stinger and Peripheral brands. Bought by Recoton in Nov. 1997.
Aardvark Computer Systems, Inc.
Company based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA that was founded in March 1990 by Igor Levin and Douglas Wochna, with Levin being the majority owner and president. Originally run from Wochna’s home in Washtenaw, but moved later to a nearby business location. Manufactured signal processors, DAC's, master clocks and other professional audio products and later got into the manufacture of pro computer soundcards in a big way. Went out of business in late 2004, Levin went on to found Antelope Audio that has a very similar product portfolio to Aarvark except for the soundcards.
A & A Stereos
Tiny company based in Chile, made high end audiophile power amplifiers called Elkhi to order, active in the mid 90's but has not been heard from since 1999/2000.
Aavik
Danish manufacturer of hi-fi and AV furniture, stands and isolation platforms etc. Typically their products were wood veener on MDF bases with aluminium tubing and spike contacts to the floor, with a variety of finishes available including a gorgeous black piano lacquer finish. It is also belived that this is the company that was manufacturing loudspeakers in Denmark on a very small scale under the Aavik name in the 1990's but it is simply not certain.
It is possible that this company is still around, they still own the homepage shown below but content has not been updated since 2002, they have not answered any queries since 2003 and none of their former dealers will admit to them being in existence.. -- Official homepage.
AB (Pro amps, eq etc.) See --> AB Systems Design (1976 to ?) -- AB International Electronics (Below - ? to 2000) -- Amplified Design Int. (2000 to 2004) -- Robert C. Hennige (Current)
Abbey Road Cable See --> Moving Air Ltd.
AB International Electronics, Inc.
Company based in Roseville, California, USA that took over the manufacture of the products AB Systems Design had been making prior to their closure. The company continued the manufacture of the by then fairly well known and well liked sound reinforcement amplifiers the earlier company had made and added products such as equalisers and test equipment to the line-up. Timeline and background info on the company is not really known but we do know that George Anderson was the technical guru behind most of the later designs, and while sales manager Robert J. Bird owned the bulk of the company and in the early years of the company contributed some design work as well but a gent called Jeff Kuells appears to be one of the owners as well. The company disappears in 2000 and a company called Amplified Design Int. takes over the brand and continues to manufacture a amplifier designs made by ABIE, it appears that Bob Bird (note that his name is often misspelled Byrd) passed away in 1999 and that is the reason that the brand was sold.
Abrahamsson Audio A/S
Norwegian manufacturer of high end amplifiers based in Oslo and run by Ola Abrahamsson who some of you might remember from Internet amplifier DIY discussions in the 90's. Started manufacturing amplifiers using a slightly unusual transistorised single ended topology (fully class A) in 1995 including a model called Aqua 1 that was liquid cooled, like similar valve based amps they were fairly ineffective pumping out only 10 to 30W and fairly expensive but apparently sounded rather good.
The company was often listed as Abrahamsson Audio Laboratories on websites in its day and was closed down in 2000 when the owner moved to Sweden, but Hr. Abrahamsson started up another company in Sweden in early 2007 called A & O Audio that manufactures amplifiers on the same principle as the AAL ones and that company is now selling them under the Abrahamsson Audio brand.
AB Systems Design Inc.
Company based in Folsom, California, USA that manufactured sound reinforcement amplifiers and related products under the "AB Systems" brand. Originally founded in 1976 by Robert J. Bird although they are not believed to have started shipping products until a little later, perhaps as late as 1978, apart from designer/engineer Mark E. Engebretson who did dome design work for them in the early 80's nothing is known about the other personnel behind the company, but nota bene both Mr. Engebretson and Mr. Bird worked for Altec. The company went out of business (probably in the late 80's) but Mr. Bird went on to found AB International Electronics that continued to manufacture the same product but now under the "AB International" brand.
A. C. Acoustics See --> Audio Classics
ACOS See --> Cosmocord
Acoustat Corp.
A manufacturer of electrostatic loudspeakers formed by designer James C. Strickland in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA in 1973. First product was shipped in 1976 in the form of the Model X, a hybrid electrostatic/dynamic loudspeaker that featured a built in valve based servo amplifier and a year later the company released models called "Monitor 3" and "Monitor 4" that are basically cosmetically redesigned versions of the Model X.
In 1978 they began to sell the “Modular Reference Preamplifier”, this unit is actually a fairly run of the mill high end pre-amplifier for the time but was typically not sold on its own but rather with Acoustat loudspeaker systems to give customers the option of a complete back end system from the same company, consequently this item sold in low volumes and is very rare these days. The company introduced the MK-121 Magne-Kinetic interface in 1980 but that was a unit that contained dual transformers per channel along with a complex crossover network that allowed their speakers to be used with any amplifier and for a short time thereafter the Monitor Series of speakers were offered with either a servo amp or with an MK-121 option, later the same year the company also introduced the RP-2 preamplifier which was a cheaper option to the original MRP.
In 1981 Acoustat Corp. introduced the Slimline series of speakers in the form of the Model Two, Model Three and Model Four. These were more reasonably priced than previous models from the company but were not available with a servo-amp nor the Magne-Kinetic interface but rather used a cheaper and more traditional single transformer to allow the speaker to be used with any standard amplifier.
In 1982 the company introduced a line of speakers colloquially known as the “tall models”, namely models 2+2, Six and Eight. The nickname is due to the fact that they are almost 2,5 meters in height and are probably the best known products from the company, got good reviews at the time and formed the basis for later products in particular the 2+2 which is probably the best known product from the company, these did not sell well in Europe though, the ceiling height in many European flats is well under 2,5m so we have a problem there.
1982 also saw the introduction of a line of electronic products called Trans Nova but these included a power amp named TNT-200 and the TNP preamplifier and smaller power amp called the TNT-120 was added to the line-up the year after, unlike earlier amplifiers from the company these were generic items and not something intended specifically to mate with the ESL speakers from the company.
In 1983 Acoustat introduced the Modular Hybrid series of speakers including the 2MH and the 3MH, these were sold either as full range electrostats or offered with a crossover and a dynamic driver unit integrated into the base, in a similar fashion the Model 1+1 that was introduced in 1984 was either sold as a full range speaker with a MK-121 interface or sold with separate woofer boxes and an MK-131 interface.
The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1984 and was bought from the court by David Hafler Co. in November the same year, Mr. Strickland went to work for Hafler and last we heard he is still with current Hafler owner Rockford.
Spares & service : The panels on Acoustat loudspeakers are not made out of Mylar like most ESL designs and will thus stretch if overdriven or with prolonged use but you can basically cure them yourself with a heat gun, even though that is slightly fussy work, a hair dryer will also do the trick although a limited number of audiophiles seem to have any hair to speak of so the former option is probably more realistic. The fabric used in to cover the speakers is a fairly standard curtain type material, any decently stocked fabric or curtain stores should have replacements in stock and fairly cheap to boot, you will need to have it sewn together but that is something that even a semi-competent seamstress can do without a problem if you bring the original. The original supplier of the fabric covers is called The Upholstery Company and they will supply you with a new cover to the original specs. A number of modifications and tips regarding some of the Acoustat speakers can be found on this page.
The Acoustical Manufacturing Company 
British Company originally founded in 1936 by Peter Walker to manufacture sound reinforcement products and corner ribbon loudspeakers but later became a legendary maker of home audio products such as CD players, amplification and electrostatic speakers, most of them sold under the QUAD brand but that was used for the home electronics "division" of the company and supposidly stands for "Quality Unit Amplifier Domestic" (unit as in Unit audio. Changed its name in the 1980's to Quad Electroacoustics and was sold to Verity Group PLC in 1995. John Collinson who was the company's chief engineer in the late 50's/early 60's later went to Rank Wharfedale and then went on to found Castle Acoustics.
Acoustic Research (AR)
USA based producer of loudspeakers, founded in 1954 by Edgar Villchur, Henry Kloss, Malcolm Lowe and J. Anton Hoffman, and started out by producing acoustically suspended loudspeaker called the AR-1. Strangely enough the company managed to get patents for the acoustic suspension techniques used in the construction of the speakers and is usually credited with its invention despite the fact that suspended designs had been sold and made in the USA under the Hartley Products brand for some years prior to that and even longer in the UK. The company is perhaps better seen as an innovator in the area of marketing but AR pioneered such schemes as a 5 year return to factory warranty and aggressive advertisements campaigns that emphasised innovation and technical superiority that was indeed there to some degree but was perhaps overemphasised, much in the vein of what Bose is doing these days. Due to this and excellent reviews in USA consumer and electronic magazines the company was a clear NA market leader in the loudspeaker field as early as 1958 but the rapid pace of expansion meant that the company often had difficulty in financing itself, this in turn meant that the introduction of some products were delayed until money had been found to pay for retooling and the updates of the production lines which in turn meant that new models were almost constantly late to market which was at that time evolving extremely rapidly due to the introduction of stereo records and consumer tape recorders. It did not help that AR had a tendency to announce new products early anyway and late shipments meant that some customers put off buying current products and instead waited for the new models resulting in a rather classic case of the Osborne Effect. The stress on finances had other negative effects on the company, Kloss, Lowe and Hoffman left the company after disagreements with Villchur and went on to form KLH, that company got a license to use the patents and technologies that AR had developed in lieu of financial payments due and after just a couple of years KLH had become AR's main competitor with a broadly similar model lineup and if anything a better pricing structure and had by the latter half of the 60's overtaken AR in the North American marketplace. While the company continued to grow in the early 60's, it lost market share rapidly and Mr. Vilchur ended up selling the company to Teledyne in 1967. There is some information on their classic loudspeaker models to be found on this page.
Acro Products Company
Small manufacturer of transformers intended for use with audio products, including signal transformer and power and output matching transformers intended for use with valve amplifiers, all sold under the Acrosound brand. Acro was based in Roxborough, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA and founded in 1949 by Herbert I. Keroes and David Hafler with financing coming largely from Mr. Keroes'es family. The company also published amplifier designs as a tool to help with the sales of their transformers and it is for that activity that they are best known today especially for the Williamson variants, but the company continued publishing designs based on newer ideas until 1962 at the least.
Mr. Hafler left the company in 1954 to form Dynaco, apparently after a long running disagreement with his partner on whether to expand into the manufacture of audio electronics with Hafler for it and Keroes against it, funnily enough after Haflers departure the company did introduce kits and fully built amplifiers possibly as a reaction to Hafler's Dynakits. Acro Products appears to have survived for a few years after that mainly as a OEM supplier to Heathkit and on a smaller scale to few other companies such as EICO and Allen Organ Company, I have not been able to find any mention of them after the early 1960's but Herbert Keroes had founded a seperate company in the late 1950's called Keroes Enterprises and that may have continued to use the Acrosound trademark. Note that the company that currently owns the Acrosound trademark has no connection whatsoever with the original Acro company.
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http://www.clarisonus.com/Archives/Trans/Acro55.pdf or http://www.the-planet.org/dynaco/Misc/acrosound.pdf -- Acro product catalogue from 1955
http://oestex.com/tubes/acro.html -- The Acrosound-Williamson amplifier schematics and article
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/acrosound/ -- Yahoo discussion group for people interested in Acro products
http://www.keith-snook.info/Articles-for-the-Web/Ultra-linear-Hafler%26Keroes/UL-H%26K-Nov1951.html -- An article from 1951 by Hafler and Keroes on a Blaumlein style ultra-linear amplifier.
Addax Sound Company 
Founded in 1995 in Northbrook, Illinois, USA. Sold mostly low end consumer audio products in the form of headphones, headsets and suchlike, also sold headphone components, audio connectors and wire assemblies, related electronic components and small speaker drivers but seems to have found most success as an OEM provider of headsets for multimedia purposes (the noise cancelling headsets IBM provided with OS/2 Warp 4 and Viavoice were bought from Addax for instance), although professional grade headsets were provided as well. Much of their product line appears to have been sourced from the Far East although the company had a assembly operation in the USA that could handle small runs. Was taken over by Koss on May the first, 2003 and it appears that the company was in some sort of trouble at the time since Koss only paid just under 20k shares of their own stock for the entire operation.
ADX See --> Analog Digital Technology
AEG See --> AEG
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